Kusarudza Chigaro Chemavhiri Chemitambo Chakakodzera Pamitambo Yakasiyana
Kune vanhu vanovimba nezvigaro zvemawiricheya uye vanofarira mitambo, kuva newiricheya yemitambo yakakodzera hakusi kungotora chikamu chete—chinhu chakakosha pakuona kuchengetedzeka uye kusimudzira mashandiro. Kusiyana nezvigaro zvemawiricheya zvinoshandiswa zuva nezuva, zvigaro zvemawiricheya zvemitambo zvakagadzirwa zvine chimiro chakagadziridzwa, zvinhu, uye mashandiro akagadzirirwa mamiriro chaiwo emitambo. Mitambo yakasiyana inosiyana zvakanyanya muzvinodiwa zvayo, saka kusarudza wiricheya yakakodzera mhando yemutambo kwakakosha. Pazasi pane sumo yakadzama yemitambo yakajairika uye zvigaro zvemawiricheya zvemitambo zvinoenderana nazvo.
1. Basketball yeVane Mavhiri
Mutambo webasketball wevane vhiri mutambo wechikwata unomhanya zvikuru, une simba guru, unonyanya kudiwa pakugara zvakanaka kwevhiri, kugona kufamba zvakanaka, uye kugara kwenguva refu. Mavhiri ebasketball akagadzirwa kuti agutse zvinodiwa izvi nemabasa anotevera:
Ⅰ.Maumbirwo eFuremu:Yakagadzirwa nearuminiyamu yakasimba kana kuti kabhoni fiber, furemu iyi yakasimba uye yakareruka. Yakagadzirwa nepakati pesimba regiravhiti, chigaro chinosimbisa kugadzikana panguva yekutendeuka kwakapinza, kumira kamwe kamwe, uye kuroverana, zvichideredza njodzi yekudonha. Huwandu hwemavhiri nerwenzira zvakaverengerwa nemazvo kuti zvienzane nekugadzikana, zvichibvumira vatambi kufamba-famba zviri nyore.
Ⅱ. Kugadziriswa kweVhiri:Mavhiri madiki epamberi (anowanzoita masendimita 10–12) ane matai erabha akasimba anobvumira kutendeuka nekukurumidza uye kubata nemazvo. Mavhiri makuru ekumashure (24–26 inches) ane marimu akafara uye matai akadzika, anodzivirira kupera simba kuti akwanise kudhonzwa nekufambiswa nesimba, achitsigira kukurumidza uye kumira kamwe kamwe. Mavhiri ekumashure anowanzo kuve nenhamba yepamusoro yespeaker kuti agone kutsungirira mutambo wakasimba.
Ⅲ. Dhizaini Yechigaro:Chigaro chinowanzova chakagadzirwa neganda rakaomarara rakagadzirwa nekabhoni fiber kana purasitiki yakareruka, yakakombama kumuviri wemutambi kuti atsigire uye anyaradze zvakakwana. Kureba kwechigaro chakaderera kunoderedzawo pakati pesimba rinokwevera pasi, nepo makona ekumashure anogadziriswa achibatsira kuchengetedza chimiro chakanaka chekutamba.
Ⅳ. Zvimwe Zvimiro:Yakashongedzerwa nesimbi dzakasimba dzinodzivirira makumbo emutambi nechigaro kubva pakuroverana. Zvigadziko zvemaoko netsoka zvakapfava uye zvakareruka kuderedza huremu husina kufanira pasina kukanganisa kufamba.
Mawiricheya ebasketball anoshandiswa mumakwikwi epamutemo, kurovedza muviri, uye kutamba mitambo yekuvaraidza. Sarudzo dzinofanira kugadziriswa zvichienderana nehukuru hwemuviri wemutambi, hunyanzvi hwake, uye zvaanoda kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti anokodzera uye anoshanda zvakanaka.
2. Tenisi yeChigaro cheVane Mavhiri
Mutambo wetenesi wevane vhiri mutambo unonyanya kukoshesa hunyanzvi hunoda kufamba kwakanyanya, kuchinjika, uye kutonga kwakaringana, zvichibvumira vatambi kusvika bhora nekukurumidza uye kuita mapfuti zvinobudirira. Zvinhu zvikuru zvevane vhiri vetenisi zvinosanganisira:
Ⅰ.Kugadzira Furemu:Yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakareruka, zvakasimba se carbon fiber kana titanium, furemu yacho yakamanikana uye inochinjika kuti ifambe nekukurumidza uye ichinje divi rayo. Maitiro ayo akagadzirirwa kuti igone kuchinjika uye kugadzikana, zvichiita kuti ive yakaenzana panguva yekupfura mifananidzo yakakura.
Sisitimu yevhiri:Mavhiri epamberi (8–10 inches) anowanzo tenderera nedivi rimwe chete, zvichibvumira kutenderera ne360° kuti munhu apindure nekukurumidza kana bhora raiswa. Mavhiri ekumashure (22–24 inches) anoshandisa matayi erabha asingabatike zvakanyanya, ane marimu matete kuti aderedze kudhonzwa kwemhepo uye kuwedzera kumhanya.
Ⅲ.Zvinhu zveChigaro:Chigaro chacho chakagadzirwa neganda rakaomarara rinoenderana nemuviri wemunhu kuti chitsigirwe. Kureba kwechigaro nekona yekumashure zvinogadziriswa kuti zvienderane nechimiro chemunhu uye mashandiro ekurova. Mamwe mamodheru anobvumira kugadziriswa kwechigaro chepamberi kuti chibatsire vatambi kushandura nzvimbo yavo yekukwevera pasi panguva yekutamba.
Ⅳ.Sisitimu yeBraking:Yakashongedzerwa nemabhureki anopindura kuti amire nekukurumidza uye agare zvakanaka paunenge uchigadzirira kupfura. Mabhureki anoiswa panzvimbo yekuti asvike nyore nyore pasina kukanganisa mafambiro emaoko.
Mawiricheya etenisi akakodzera makwikwi, kurovedza muviri, uye kutamba zvisina kurongwa. Sarudzo inofanira kutarisa kureba kwemutambi, huremu, kureba kweruoko, uye nzvimbo yedare (dare rakaoma, ivhu, uswa), sezvo nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzingada mhando dzakasiyana dzematayi.
Mijaho yevanorwara nemakumbo ndiyo mutambo mukuru weP
Mutambo weAralympic uko kumhanya kwakanyanya kukosha. Zvigaro zvemujaho zvakagadzirirwa kumhanya chete, uye chimwe nechimwe chinhu chakagadzirirwa kushanda zvakanaka. Hunhu hukuru hunosanganisira:
Ⅰ.Profile yeAerodynamic:Yakarongeka uye yakamanikana kuderedza kusawirirana kwemhepo.
furemu inowanzova chimiro che monocoque carbon-fiber, ichipa kupepuka kwakanyanya uye
simba rekugadzikana pakumhanya kwakanyanya.
Ⅱ. Kugadziriswa kweVhiri:Mavhiri epamberi madiki kwazvo (2–5 inches) ane matayi akasimba, asingapindi simba zvakanyanya kuderedza kutenderera uye kudhonzwa nemhepo. Mavhiri makuru ekumashure (28–30 inches) ane matayi emujaho akasarudzika—akapfava kana kuti akatsikwa zvishoma—kuti arambe akasimba uye abate zvakanaka. Marimu ifayibha yekabhoni yakareruka ine masipoki mashoma asi akakora ekuderedza huremu.
Ⅲ. Dhizaini Yechigaro:Chigaro ichi chakaita sechakatsiga, chakarereka, chinogadzirisa muviri wemutambi kuti ugare wakarongeka, zvichicheka mhepo zvakanaka. Chakagadzirwa nefiber yekabhoni yakareruka, chinopa rutsigiro rwakasimba ukuwo huremu hwacho huchiderera.
Sisitimu yeDrive:Nzvimbo yevhiri rekudhiraivha nekona yekamberi zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka kuti mutambi akwanise kusunda nekushanda nesimba uye nesimba shoma, zvichishandura kumhanya kwakanyanya.
Mawiricheya emujaho anoshandiswa mumitambo yekumhanya (semuenzaniso, 100m, 400m) uye marathon. Magadzirirwo anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nedaro remujaho. Kusarudzwa kunoda kugadziriswa kwehunyanzvi nevarairidzi nematekiniki kuti zvienderane nemuviri wemutambi, kugona kwake, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemujaho.
4. Rugby yeVane Mavhiri
Mutambo werugby wevane mavhiri mutambo wechikwata unowanzo shandiswa nehunyanzvi, unowanzo nzi "murderball." Uchitambwa panhandare yebasketball ine mitemo inosanganisa rugby ne ice hockey, unoda kugadzikana, kugadzikana, uye kudzora zvakanyanya. Mawiricheya erugby akagadzirwa zvinoenderana nekudzivirira kurovera uye kugona kugadzikana:
Ⅰ.Furemu Yakasimbiswa:Yakavakwa nesimbi yakasimba yechromoly kana carbon-fiber composites, furemu iyi ine dhizaini ye "roll-cage" ine mabumpers akawedzerwa uye zvinotsigira pamberi, mativi, uye pasi pemotokari kuti ikwanise kudhonza kukuvara kwakanyanya. Gumbo rakafara uye upamhi hwenzira dzakagadziriswa zvinowedzera kugadzikana panguva yekufamba nekukurumidza uye kugunzva, zvichidzivirira kudonha.
Ⅱ. Mavhiri Akakosha:Mavhiri epamberi (12–14 inches) anoshandisa matayi erabha akasimba ane marimu akasimbiswa kuti arambe achichinja-chinja panguva yekurovera. Mavhiri ekumashure (24–26 inches) ane rabha yakasimba, inodzivirira kupera simba ine matanho akadzika, akabatana ekubata panguva yekumhanyisa, kumira, uye kutenderera kwakapinza. Ma axles ekumashure isimbi inorema, yakabatana nemavhiri ane maspoke akawanda ekutsungirira kurova.
Ⅲ. Chigaro Chekudzivirira: Chigaro chacho chakagadzirwa neganda rakaomarara rakafukidzwa nefuro rakasimba uye chakafukidzwa nezvinhu zvisingapindi mvura, zvinodzivirira kukwesha, kuti zvive nyore kuchenesa. Mapedhi epadivi anogona kubviswa (5–8 cm ukobvu) anotsvedza padivi. Chigaro chacho chakaderera chine kona yakagadzika yekumashure (75–85°) kuti mutambi arambe akakotama mberi kuti awane simba rakawanda uye kudzora, ukuwo achideredza pakati pesimba rinokwevera pasi.
Ⅳ. Zvikamu Zvinoshanda:Bhampa repamberi rinobviswa rakagadzirwa ne elastic polyurethane rinoderedza kukweshana uye rinoparadzira simba rekurovera. Zvigadziko zvemaoko "zvipfupi-zvipfupi" zvine coating isingatsvedzeri zvinobatsira vatambi kuti vagadzikane pavanenge vachibata pasina kukanganisa kufamba. Mamwe mamodheru emhando yepamusoro ane ma axles anoburitswa nekukurumidza uye zvikamu zvekugadzirisa nekukurumidza pakati pemutambo.
Mawiricheya erugby anoshandiswa mumitambo yepamutemo uye kurovedza muviri kwakasimba. Magadzirirwo anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yemutambi (semuenzaniso, zvigaro zvekurwisa zvinokoshesa kugona, zvigaro zvekudzivirira zvinosimbisa dziviriro). Sarudzo dzinofanira kusarudzwa nemainjiniya zvichienderana nemuviri wemutambi, basa rake, uye maitiro ake kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti akachengeteka uye anoshanda zvakanaka.
Muchidimbu, kusarudza wiricheya yemitambo kunoda kunyatsofunga nezvezvinodiwa nemutambo wacho uye zvinodiwa nemutambi wacho. Kubvunzana kwenyanzvi uye kugadziriswa kwakagadzirirwa iwe pachako zvinokurudzirwa zvikuru kuti pave nekuenderana kwakanakisisa pakati pemutambi nemidziyo.